Chapters 1 to 23

1st Anglo-Powhatan War in 1614:
Started by Lord De La Warr when he reached Jamestown with supplies and armed.

2nd Anglo-Powhatan War in 1644:
Unsuccessful last attempt by the Indians to dislodge the Virginians.

Tuscarora War in North Carolina (1711-1713):
The North Carolinians crushed the Tuscaroras in battle and sold hundreds of them into slavery and left the surviving to wonder northward to seek the protection of the Iroquois.

Yamasee War in South Carolina (1715-1716):
The South Carolinians defeated and dispersed the Yamasee Indians which signified that at the time almost all the coastal Indian tribes in the southern colonies had been devastated.

Pequot War (1636-1638):
An armed conflict between an alliance of Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies, with Native American allies against the Pequot tribe.

English Civil War (1642-1648):
The English Civil War consisted of a series of armed conflicts and political machinations that took place between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists.

King Philip’s War (1675-1676):
An armed conflict between Indians, English colonists, and their Indian allies.

Queen Anne’s War (1702-1713):
The second in a series of four colonial wars fought between France and Great Britain in North America for control of the continent and was the counterpart of the War of the Spanish Succession in Europe.

War of Jenkin’s Ear (1739-1748):
A conflict between Great Britain and Spain that lasted from 1739 to 1748.


Boston Massacre:
The Boston Massacre was an incident involving the deaths of five civilians at the hands of British troops on March 5, 1770, which helped spark the rebellion in some of the British colonies in America which culminated in the American Revolution.

Boston Tea Party:
The Boston Tea Party was an act of direct action by the American colonists against Great Britain in which they destroyed many crates of tea bricks on ships in Boston Harbor. This incident, took place on Thursday, December 16, 1773, and has been seen as a contributor to the disruption of the American Revolution.

Battle of Bunker Hill:
The Battle of Bunker Hill took place on June 17, 1775 on Breed's Hill, as part of the Siege of Boston during the American Revolutionary War.

Battle of Saratoga:
Took place between September and October of 1777 and was a decisive American victory resulting in the surrender of an entire British army of 9,000 men invading New York from Canada during the American Revolutionary War.

Treaty of Fort Stanwix:
An important treaty between North American Indians and the British Empire. It was signed at in 1768 at Fort Stanwix. It was negotiated between Sir William Johnson and representatives of the Six Nations. The Fort Stanwix treaty of 1768 helped set the stage for the next round of hostilities along the Ohio River, which would culminate in Dunmore's War. The treaty also settled land claims between the Six Nations and the Penn family, the proprietors of Pennsylvania.


French Revolution (1789–1799):
A period of political and social upheaval in the political history of France and Europe, during which the French governmental structure underwent radical change to forms based on Enlightenment principles of nationalism, citizenship, and inalienable rights.

Whiskey Rebellion (1791-1794):
The rebellion occurred shortly after the Articles of Confederation had been replaced by a stronger federal government under the United States Constitution in 1789.

XYZ Affair:
A 1797 diplomatic timeframe that only worsened relations between France and the United States and led to the undeclared Quasi-War of 1798.

Treaty of Ghent:
Signed on December 24, 1814, in Ghent, was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. It restored relations between the two countries.

Treaty of 1818 with Britain:
A treaty signed in 1818 between the United States and the United Kingdom. It resolved standing boundary issues between the two nations, and allowed for joint occupation and settlement of the Oregon Country and including the southern portion of its sister fur district New Caledonia.


Black Hawk War (1832):
Fought in 1832 in the Midwestern United States and named after Black Hawk, a war chief of the Sauk, Fox, and Kickapoo Native Americans. The British Band fought against the United States Army and militia from Illinois and the Michigan Territory for possession of lands in the area.

Battle of the Alamo (1836):
The Battle of the Alamo took place at the Alamo Mission in San Antonio, Texas.
The battle was between the Republic of Mexico and the rebel Texian forces, during the Texas Revolution.

Battle of San Jacinto (1836):
The decisive battle of the Texas Revolution which was led by General Sam Houston. The Texas Army engaged and defeated General Antonio López de Santa Anna's Mexican forces in a fight that lasted just eighteen minutes. Hundreds of Mexican soldiers were killed or captured, while there were relatively few Texan casualties.
Santa Anna, the President of Mexico, was captured the following day and held as a prisoner of war.

Aroostook War over Maine boundary (1838-1839):
An undeclared confrontation between Americans and the United Kingdom regarding the international boundary between British North America and the United States. The dispute resulted in a mutually accepted boundary between the present-day state of Maine and provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec.

Webster-Ashburton treaty:
Signed on August 9, 1842, it settled the dispute over the location of the Maine-New Brunswick border between the United States and Canada. The treaty was signed by United States Secretary of State Daniel Webster and United Kingdom Privy Counsellor Alexander Baring, Lord Ashburton.

Mexican War (1846-1848):
An armed military conflict between the United States and Mexico. Mexico did not recognize the secession and subsequent military victory by Texas in 1836. In the United States, the war was a partisan issue with most Whigs opposing it and most southern Democrats, supported by a popular belief in the Manifest Destiny.


Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo:
The peace treaty that ended the Mexican-American War (1846–1848). Mexico ceded 1.36 million km² to the United States in exchange for US$15 million and the ensured safety of pre-existing property rights of Mexican citizens in the transferred territories, the latter of which the United States in a significant number of cases failed to honor. The United States also agreed to take over $3.25 million ($68 million in 2006 dollars) in debts Mexico owed to American citizens.

Gadsen Purchase from Mexico:
A region of what is today southern Arizona and New Mexico that was purchased by the United States from Mexico in 1853 for $10 million. The purchase included lands south of the Gila River and west of the Rio Grande.

Ostend Manifesto:
A secret document written in 1854 by U.S. diplomats at Ostend, Belgium, describing a plan to acquire Cuba from Spain.

1st Battle of Bull Run (1861):
The first major land battle of the American Civil War, fought near Manassas, Virginia.

2nd Battle of Bull Run (1862):
It was the culmination of an offensive campaign waged by Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia against Union Maj. Gen. John Pope's Army of Virginia, and a battle of much larger scale and numbers than the First Battle of Bull Run.

Battle of Antietam (1862):
Fought near Maryland and Antietam Creek, it was the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with almost 23,000 casualties.

Battle of Gettysburg (1863):
Fought in, and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, was the battle with the largest number of casualties in the American Civil War and is frequently cited as the war's turning point.